Data for DSS, OS, and BCR were collected from main treatment or surgery until the end of 2022. and 48 benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) tissue samples by immunohistochemistry. The viability of malignancy cell lines (PC-3 and MCF-7 cells) was also evaluated in the presence of anti-TPTE-p2 antibody using the MTT test. Results The immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated a significant increase in cytoplasmic and membrane TPTE expression in the PCa samples compared to the BPH group (both P?EB 47 the membrane (79% of tissues) and cytoplasm (100% of tissues) of epithelial cells of PCa and BPH samples with different intensities (Fig.?2). To confirm the specificity of the anti-TPTE-p2 antibody, a peptide blocking assay was conducted, revealing a decrease in tissue staining intensity with an increase in peptide concentration (Fig.?3). Among the 102 PCa samples stained for TPTE, different intensities of expressions were found in cytoplasmic membrane, and nucleus. The level of expressions for cytoplasmic membrane as poor, moderate, and strong intensities were observed in 9.8% (10), 49% (50), and 36.2% (37) of cases respectively. Membrane expression was detected in 10% (7), 27% (18), %37 (25), and 25% (17) of the cases with negative, poor, moderate, and strong intensities, respectively. Of 38 PCa samples a nuclear pattern of TPTE expression, as poor, moderate, and strong intensities were observed in 36.8% (14), 31.6% (12), and 28.9% (11) of cases, respectively. Similarly, BPH samples exhibited varied staining intensities Mouse monoclonal to NFKB1 for cytoplasmic and membrane expression, with a rare occurrence of nuclear staining. Of 48 BPH samples, poor staining for cytoplasmic expression was observed in 79.2% (38), whereas moderate and strong staining were detected in 14.9% (7) and 4.2% (2) of cases, respectively. Membrane expression of TPTE was absent in 30% (9 cases), but poor expression exhibited in 43.3% (13 cases), moderate in 23.3% (7 cases), and strong in 3.3% (1case). Only four BPH samples showed nuclear staining: two with poor and two with moderate staining. Open in a separate windows Fig.?2 Immunohistochemical analysis of staining pattern of TPTE expression. a Weak staining in BPH, b moderate staining in PCa tissue with Gleason score 6, c strong staining in PCa tissue with Gleason score 8, d TPTE staining in PCa tissue by commercial antibody (LSBio, USA) for any comprison to the Ab in the study, e TPTE expression in testis tissue as positive control, and f unfavorable isotype control in PCa tissue. All images are prepared at initial magnification??400 Open in a separate windows Fig.?3 Assessing anti-TPTE-p2 antibody binding inhibition through pre-incubation with TPTE-p2 peptide before exposing it to prostate tissue. Three conditions were examined: a pre-incubation with 10 g/ml of TPTE-p2, b pre-incubation with 20 g/ml of TPTE-p2, and c no pre-incubation. The results showed poor staining in (a) no staining in (b) and staining of prostate tissue in (c) when using the anti-TPTE-p2 antibody without TPTE-p2 pre-incubation..